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Spotlight: Ketamine Reverses Chronic Stress-Induced Behavioral Changes via the Expression of Ca2+-Permeable AMPA Receptors in Mice (Flowers, et al, 2025)

"Our findings suggest that subanesthetic low-dose ketamine rapidly triggers the expression of CP-AMPARs in the hippocampus, which induces antidepressant and antistress effects."
Michael DeMarco, PhD

by Michael DeMarco, PhD

Ketamine Reverses Chronic Stress-Induced Behavioral Changes via the Expression of Ca2+-Permeable AMPA Receptors in Mice - PubMed
Chronic stress affects brain functions, leading to the development of mental disorders like anxiety and depression, as well as cognitive decline and social dysfunction. Among many biological changes in chronically stressed brains, disruptions in AMPA Receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission i …
PubMedJoshua C Flowers

We demonstrate that low-dose ketamine treatment reverses chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced social dysfunction, a loss of hippocampus-dependent fear learning and memory, and depression-like behavior in both female and male mice. Furthermore, we show that the ketamine-induced antistress effects on these behaviors are dependent on CP-AMPAR expression. Our findings suggest that subanesthetic low-dose ketamine rapidly triggers the expression of CP-AMPARs in the hippocampus, which induces antidepressant and antistress effects.

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Spotlight: Ketamine to enhance methadone treatment retention in patients with opioid use disorder and co-morbid depression (Manza, et al, 2025)

Ketamine was safe and generally well-tolerated. At 10-day follow-up post-ketamine infusions, participant acceptability ratings were mostly favorable. 3-month timepoint - strong treatment adherence with self-reported depression symptoms decrease

Spotlight: Intravenous ketamine for suicide ideation in borderline personality and depression (Bachir, et al, 2025)

"This report highlights ketamine's rapid action on glutamate pathways and its potential benefits in complex psychiatric profiles where traditional treatments like electroconvulsive therapy often fail. "
Spotlight: A retrospective analysis of ketamine intravenous therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in real-world care settings (McInnes, et al, 2025)

Spotlight: A retrospective analysis of ketamine intravenous therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in real-world care settings (McInnes, et al, 2025)

"In a large real-world sample of 8,136 PTSD patients (87 % with comorbid depression), Ketamine Intravenous Therapy (KIT) significantly reduced PTSD and depression symptoms."

Spotlight: The association between amygdalar volume changes and depressive symptom improvements after repeated ketamine infusion in treatment-resistant depression (2025)

"The reductions in right LB volumes correlate with better clinical responses to ketamine in patients with TRD, suggesting ketamine may exert its effect by attenuating amygdalar overactivity in this population."
Ketamine safety efficacy

Spotlight: Real world effectiveness of maintenance ketamine infusions for treatment-resistant depression in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder (Haikazian, et al, 2025)

"Ketamine was determined to be relatively safe, with zero cases of suicidal behaviour and addiction behaviour throughout treatment."
Spotlight "Prefrontal contribution to passive coping behaviour in chronic stress and treatment by fast-acting antidepressant" (Fong, et al, 2025)

Spotlight "Prefrontal contribution to passive coping behaviour in chronic stress and treatment by fast-acting antidepressant" (Fong, et al, 2025)

"Persistent passive coping (p-coping) behaviour is a hallmark feature in major depression and is reversed by fast-acting antidepressants (such as ketamine)."
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